VIEW

Table of Contents

CREATE VIEW
RECREATE VIEW

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Find a more recent version at Firebird 5.0 Language Reference: VIEW

CREATE VIEW

Table of Contents

Per-column aliases supported in view definition
Full SELECT syntax supported
PLAN subclause disallowed in 1.5, reallowed in 2.0
Triggers on updatable views block auto-writethrough
View with non-participating NOT NULL columns in base table can be made insertable

Available in: DSQL, ESQL

Per-column aliases supported in view definition

Changed in: 2.1

Description: Firebird 2.1 and up allow the use of column aliases in the SELECT statement. You can alias none, some or all of the columns; each alias used becomes the name of the corresponding view column.

Syntax (partial):

CREATE VIEW viewname [<full_column_list>]
   AS
   SELECT <column_def> [, <column_def> ...]
   FROM ...
   [WITH CHECK OPTION]

<full_column_list>  ::=  (colname [, colname ...])

<column_def>        ::=  {source_col | expr} [[AS] colalias]

Notes:

If the full column list is also present, specifying column aliases is futile as they will be overridden by the names in the column list.
The full column list used to be mandatory for views whose SELECT statement contains expression-based columns or identical column names. Now you can omit the full column list, provided that you alias such columns in the SELECT clause.

Full SELECT syntax supported

Changed in: 2.0

Description: From Firebird 2.0 onward view definitions are considered full-fledged SELECT statements. Consequently, the following elements are (re)allowed in view definitions: FIRST, SKIP, ROWS, ORDER BY, PLAN and UNION.

Note

The use of a UNION within a view is currently only supported if you supply a column list for the view (this list is normally optional):

create view vplanes (make, model) as
  select make, model from jets
    union
  select make, model from props
    union
  select make, model from gliders

In Firebird 2.5, the column list will become optional also for views with UNIONs.

PLAN subclause disallowed in 1.5, reallowed in 2.0

Changed in: 1.5, 2.0

Description: Firebird versions 1.5.x forbid the use of a PLAN subclause in a view definition. From 2.0 onward a PLAN is allowed again.

Triggers on updatable views block auto-writethrough

Changed in: 2.0

Description: In versions prior to 2.0, Firebird often did not block the automatic writethrough to the underlying table if one or more triggers were defined on a naturally updatable view. This could cause mutations to be performed twice unintentionally, sometimes leading to data corruption and other mishaps. Starting at Firebird 2.0, this misbehaviour has been corrected: now if you define a trigger on a naturally updatable view, no mutations to the view will be automatically passed on to the table; either your trigger takes care of that, or nothing will. This is in accordance with the description in the InterBase 6 Data Definition Guide under Updating views with triggers.

Warning

Some people have developed code that counts on or takes advantage of the prior behaviour. Such code should be corrected for Firebird 2.0 and higher, or mutations may not reach the table at all.

View with non-participating NOT NULL columns in base table can be made insertable

Changed in: 2.0

Description: Any view whose base table contains one or more non-participating NOT NULL columns is read-only by nature. It can be made updatable by the use of triggers, but even with those, all INSERT attempts into such views used to fail because the NOT NULL constraint on the base table was checked before the view trigger got a chance to put things right. In Firebird 2.0 and up this is no longer the case: provided the right trigger is in place, such views are now insertable.

Example:

The view below would give validation errors for any insert attempts in Firebird 1.5 and earlier. In Firebird 2.0 and up it is insertable:
create table base (x int not null, y int not null);

create view vbase as select x from base;

set term #;
create trigger bi_base for vbase before insert
as
begin
  if (new.x is null) then new.x = 33;
  insert into base values (new.x, 0);
end#
set term ;#

Notes:

Please notice that the problem described above only occurred for NOT NULL columns that were left outside the view.
Oddly enough, the problem would be gone if the base table itself had a trigger converting NULL input to something valid. But then there was a risk that the insert would take place twice, due to the auto-writethrough bug that has also been fixed in Firebird 2.

RECREATE VIEW

Available in: DSQL

Added in: 1.5

Description: Creates or recreates a view. If a view with the same name already exists, RECREATE VIEW will try to drop it and create a new view. RECREATE VIEW will fail if the existing view is in use.

Syntax: Exactly the same as CREATE VIEW.