Firebird 3.0 Language Reference
Revision History
| 1.17 | 9 November 2023 |
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1. About the Firebird 3.0 Language Reference
- Chapter 2. SQL Language Structure
- Chapter 3. Data Types and Subtypes
- 3.1 Integer Data Types
- 3.2 Floating-Point Data Types
- 3.3 Fixed-Point Data Types
- 3.4 Data Types for Dates and Times
- 3.5 Character Data Types
- 3.6 Boolean Data Type
- 3.7 Binary Data Types
- 3.8 Special Data Types
- 3.9 Conversion of Data Types
- 3.10 Custom Data Types — Domains
- 3.11 Data Type Declaration Syntax
- Chapter 4. Common Language Elements
- 4.1 Expressions
- 4.2 Predicates
- 4.2.1 Conditions
- 4.2.2 Comparison Predicates
- 4.2.3 Existential Predicates
- 4.2.4 Quantified Subquery Predicates
- Chapter 5. Data Definition (DDL) Statements
- 5.1
DATABASE - 5.2
SHADOW - 5.3
DOMAIN - 5.4
TABLE- 5.4.1
CREATE TABLE- 5.4.1.1 Character Columns
- 5.4.1.2 Setting a
DEFAULTValue - 5.4.1.3 Domain-based Columns
- 5.4.1.4 Identity Columns (autoincrement)
- 5.4.1.5 Calculated Fields
- 5.4.1.6 Defining an Array Column
- 5.4.1.7 Constraints
- 5.4.1.8 Who Can Create a Table
- 5.4.1.9
CREATE TABLEExamples - 5.4.1.10 Global Temporary Tables (GTT)
- 5.4.1.11 External Tables
- 5.4.2
ALTER TABLE- 5.4.2.1 Version Count Increments
- 5.4.2.2 The
ADDClause - 5.4.2.3 The
DROPClause - 5.4.2.4 The
DROP CONSTRAINTClause - 5.4.2.5 The
ALTER [COLUMN]Clause - 5.4.2.6 Renaming a Column: the
TOClause - 5.4.2.7 Changing the Data Type of a Column: the
TYPEClause - 5.4.2.8 Changing the Position of a Column: the
POSITIONClause - 5.4.2.9 The
DROP DEFAULTandSET DEFAULTClauses - 5.4.2.10 The
SET NOT NULLandDROP NOT NULLClauses - 5.4.2.11 The
COMPUTED [BY]orGENERATED ALWAYS ASClauses - 5.4.2.12 Changing Identity Columns
- 5.4.2.13 Attributes that Cannot Be Altered
- 5.4.2.14 Who Can Alter a Table?
- 5.4.2.15 Examples Using
ALTER TABLE
- 5.4.3
DROP TABLE - 5.4.4
RECREATE TABLE
- 5.4.1
- 5.5
INDEX - 5.6
VIEW - 5.7
TRIGGER - 5.8
PROCEDURE - 5.9
FUNCTION - 5.10
EXTERNAL FUNCTION - 5.11
PACKAGE - 5.12
PACKAGE BODY - 5.13
FILTER - 5.14
SEQUENCE(GENERATOR) - 5.15
EXCEPTION - 5.16
COLLATION - 5.17
CHARACTER SET - 5.18 Comments
- 5.1
- Chapter 6. Data Manipulation (DML) Statements
- 6.1
SELECT- 6.1.1
FIRST,SKIP - 6.1.2 The
SELECTColumns List - 6.1.3 The
FROMclause - 6.1.4 Joins
- 6.1.5 The
WHEREclause - 6.1.6 The
GROUP BYclause - 6.1.7 The
PLANclause - 6.1.8
UNION - 6.1.9
ORDER BY - 6.1.10
ROWS - 6.1.11
OFFSET,FETCH - 6.1.12
FOR UPDATE [OF] - 6.1.13
WITH LOCK - 6.1.14
INTO - 6.1.15 Common Table Expressions (
)WITH … AS … SELECT
- 6.1.1
- 6.2
INSERT - 6.3
UPDATE - 6.4
UPDATE OR INSERT - 6.5
DELETE - 6.6
MERGE - 6.7
EXECUTE PROCEDURE - 6.8
EXECUTE BLOCK
- 6.1
- Chapter 7. Procedural SQL (PSQL) Statements
- 7.1 Elements of PSQL
- 7.2 Stored Procedures
- 7.3 Stored Functions
- 7.4 PSQL Blocks
- 7.5 Packages
- 7.6 Triggers
- 7.7 Writing the Body Code
- 7.7.1 Assignment Statements
- 7.7.2
DECLARE VARIABLE - 7.7.3
DECLARE .. CURSOR - 7.7.4
DECLARE FUNCTION - 7.7.5
DECLARE PROCEDURE - 7.7.6
BEGIN … END - 7.7.7
IF … THEN … ELSE - 7.7.8
WHILE … DO - 7.7.9
BREAK - 7.7.10
LEAVE - 7.7.11
CONTINUE - 7.7.12
EXIT - 7.7.13
SUSPEND - 7.7.14
EXECUTE STATEMENT - 7.7.15
FOR SELECT - 7.7.16
FOR EXECUTE STATEMENT - 7.7.17
OPEN - 7.7.18
FETCH - 7.7.19
CLOSE - 7.7.20
IN AUTONOMOUS TRANSACTION - 7.7.21
POST_EVENT - 7.7.22
RETURN
- 7.8 Trapping and Handling Errors
- Chapter 8. Built-in Scalar Functions
- 8.1 Context Functions
- 8.2 Mathematical Functions
- 8.2.1
ABS() - 8.2.2
ACOS() - 8.2.3
ACOSH() - 8.2.4
ASIN() - 8.2.5
ASINH() - 8.2.6
ATAN() - 8.2.7
ATAN2() - 8.2.8
ATANH() - 8.2.9
CEIL(),CEILING() - 8.2.10
COS() - 8.2.11
COSH() - 8.2.12
COT() - 8.2.13
EXP() - 8.2.14
FLOOR() - 8.2.15
LN() - 8.2.16
LOG() - 8.2.17
LOG10() - 8.2.18
MOD() - 8.2.19
PI() - 8.2.20
POWER() - 8.2.21
RAND() - 8.2.22
ROUND() - 8.2.23
SIGN() - 8.2.24
SIN() - 8.2.25
SINH() - 8.2.26
SQRT() - 8.2.27
TAN() - 8.2.28
TANH() - 8.2.29
TRUNC()
- 8.2.1
- 8.3 String Functions
- 8.4 Date and Time Functions
- 8.5 Type Casting Functions
- 8.6 Bitwise Functions
- 8.7 UUID Functions
- 8.8 Functions for Sequences (Generators)
- 8.9 Conditional Functions
- Chapter 9. Aggregate Functions
- Chapter 10. Window (Analytical) Functions
- Chapter 11. Context Variables
- 11.1
CURRENT_CONNECTION - 11.2
CURRENT_DATE - 11.3
CURRENT_ROLE - 11.4
CURRENT_TIME - 11.5
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP - 11.6
CURRENT_TRANSACTION - 11.7
CURRENT_USER - 11.8
DELETING - 11.9
GDSCODE - 11.10
INSERTING - 11.11
LOCALTIME - 11.12
LOCALTIMESTAMP - 11.13
NEW - 11.14
'NOW' - 11.15
OLD - 11.16
ROW_COUNT - 11.17
SQLCODE - 11.18
SQLSTATE - 11.19
'TODAY' - 11.20
'TOMORROW' - 11.21
UPDATING - 11.22
'YESTERDAY' - 11.23
USER
- 11.1
- Chapter 12. Transaction Control
- 12.1 Transaction Statements
- 12.1.1
SET TRANSACTION - 12.1.2
COMMIT - 12.1.3
ROLLBACK - 12.1.4
SAVEPOINT - 12.1.5
RELEASE SAVEPOINT - 12.1.6 Internal Savepoints
- 12.1.7 Savepoints and PSQL
- 12.1.1
- 12.1 Transaction Statements
- Chapter 13. Security
- 13.1 User Authentication
- 13.2 SQL Statements for User Management
- 13.3 SQL Privileges
- 13.4
ROLE - 13.5 Statements for Granting Privileges
- 13.5.1
GRANT- 13.5.1.1 The
TOClause - 13.5.1.2 The
WITH GRANT OPTIONClause - 13.5.1.3 The
GRANTED BYClause - 13.5.1.4 Privileges on Tables and Views
- 13.5.1.5 The
EXECUTEPrivilege - 13.5.1.6 The
USAGEPrivilege - 13.5.1.7 DDL Privileges
- 13.5.1.8 Database DDL Privileges
- 13.5.1.9 Examples of Granting Database DDL Privileges
- 13.5.1.10 Assigning Roles
- 13.5.1.1 The
- 13.5.1
- 13.6 Statements for Revoking Privileges
- 13.7 Mapping of Users to Objects
- 13.8 Database Encryption
- Chapter 14. Management Statements
- Appendix A. Supplementary Information
- Appendix B. Exception Codes and Messages
- Appendix C. Reserved Words and Keywords
- Appendix D. System Tables
- D.1
RDB$AUTH_MAPPING - D.2
RDB$BACKUP_HISTORY - D.3
RDB$CHARACTER_SETS - D.4
RDB$CHECK_CONSTRAINTS - D.5
RDB$COLLATIONS - D.6
RDB$DATABASE - D.7
RDB$DB_CREATORS - D.8
RDB$DEPENDENCIES - D.9
RDB$EXCEPTIONS - D.10
RDB$FIELDS - D.11
RDB$FIELD_DIMENSIONS - D.12
RDB$FILES - D.13
RDB$FILTERS - D.14
RDB$FORMATS - D.15
RDB$FUNCTIONS - D.16
RDB$FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS - D.17
RDB$GENERATORS - D.18
RDB$INDICES - D.19
RDB$INDEX_SEGMENTS - D.20
RDB$LOG_FILES - D.21
RDB$PACKAGES - D.22
RDB$PAGES - D.23
RDB$PROCEDURES - D.24
RDB$PROCEDURE_PARAMETERS - D.25
RDB$REF_CONSTRAINTS - D.26
RDB$RELATIONS - D.27
RDB$RELATION_CONSTRAINTS - D.28
RDB$RELATION_FIELDS - D.29
RDB$ROLES - D.30
RDB$SECURITY_CLASSES - D.31
RDB$TRANSACTIONS - D.32
RDB$TRIGGERS - D.33
RDB$TRIGGER_MESSAGES - D.34
RDB$TYPES - D.35
RDB$USER_PRIVILEGES - D.36
RDB$VIEW_RELATIONS
- D.1
- Appendix E. Monitoring Tables
- Appendix F. Security tables
- Appendix G. Character Sets and Collation Sequences
- Appendix H. License notice
- Appendix I. Document History