Firebird 2.1 Language Reference Update

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Subject matter

Versions covered

Authorship

2. Reserved words and keywords

Added since InterBase 6

Dropped since InterBase 6

Possibly reserved in future versions

3. Miscellaneous language elements

-- (single-line comment)

Shorthand casts

CASE construct

4. Data types and subtypes

BIGINT data type

BLOB data type

New character sets

Character set NONE handling changed

New collations

5. DDL statements

COLLATION

COMMENT

DATABASE

DOMAIN

EXCEPTION

EXTERNAL FUNCTION

FILTER

INDEX

Privileges: GRANT and REVOKE

PROCEDURE

SEQUENCE or GENERATOR

TABLE

TRIGGER

VIEW

6. DML statements

DELETE

EXECUTE BLOCK

EXECUTE PROCEDURE

INSERT

MERGE

SELECT

UPDATE

UPDATE OR INSERT

7. Transaction control statements

RELEASE SAVEPOINT

ROLLBACK

SAVEPOINT

SET TRANSACTION

8. PSQL statements

BEGIN ... END blocks may be empty

BREAK

CLOSE cursor

DECLARE

EXCEPTION

EXECUTE PROCEDURE

EXECUTE STATEMENT

EXIT

FETCH cursor

FOR EXECUTE STATEMENT ... DO

FOR SELECT ... INTO ... DO

LEAVE

OPEN cursor

PLAN allowed in trigger code

UDFs callable as void functions

WHERE CURRENT OF valid again for view cursors

9. Context variables

CURRENT_CONNECTION

CURRENT_ROLE

CURRENT_TIME

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

CURRENT_TRANSACTION

CURRENT_USER

DELETING

GDSCODE

INSERTING

NEW

'NOW'

OLD

ROW_COUNT

SQLCODE

UPDATING

10. Operators and predicates

NULL literals allowed as operands

|| (string concatenator)

ALL

ANY / SOME

IN

IS [NOT] DISTINCT FROM

NEXT VALUE FOR

SOME

11. Aggregate functions

LIST()

MAX()

MIN()

12. Internal functions

ABS()

ACOS()

ASCII_CHAR()

ASCII_VAL()

ASIN()

ATAN()

ATAN2()

BIN_AND()

BIN_OR()

BIN_SHL()

BIN_SHR()

BIN_XOR()

BIT_LENGTH()

CAST()

CEIL(), CEILING()

CHAR_LENGTH(), CHARACTER_LENGTH()

COALESCE()

COS()

COSH()

COT()

DATEADD()

DATEDIFF()

DECODE()

EXP()

EXTRACT()

FLOOR()

GEN_ID()

GEN_UUID()

HASH()

IIF()

LEFT()

LN()

LOG()

LOG10()

LOWER()

LPAD()

MAXVALUE()

MINVALUE()

MOD()

NULLIF()

OCTET_LENGTH()

OVERLAY()

PI()

POSITION()

POWER()

RAND()

RDB$GET_CONTEXT()

RDB$SET_CONTEXT()

REPLACE()

REVERSE()

RIGHT()

ROUND()

RPAD()

SIGN()

SIN()

SINH()

SQRT()

SUBSTRING()

TAN()

TANH()

TRIM()

TRUNC()

UPPER()

13. External functions (UDFs)

abs

acos

addDay

addHour

addMilliSecond

addMinute

addMonth

addSecond

addWeek

addYear

ascii_char

ascii_val

asin

atan

atan2

bin_and

bin_or

bin_xor

ceiling

cos

cosh

cot

dow

dpower

floor

getExactTimestamp

i64round

i64truncate

ln

log

log10

lower

lpad

ltrim

mod

*nullif

*nvl

pi

rand

right

round, i64round

rpad

rtrim

sdow

sign

sin

sinh

sqrt

srand

sright

string2blob

strlen

substr

substrlen

tan

tanh

truncate, i64truncate

A. Notes

Character set NONE data accepted “as is”

Understanding the WITH LOCK clause

A note on CSTRING parameters

Passing NULL to UDFs in Firebird 2

Maximum number of indices in different Firebird versions

The RDB$VALID_BLR field

B. Document History

C. License notice